![]() The aims and mechanics of Roman maneuvering that continue to fascinate researchers fit coherently into our picture. Our model contributes to an understanding of why Romans radically deviated from the phalanx, the most popular and accepted military formation in the Hellenic period, to create a versatile doctrine destined to become a “phalanx killer” while also not less effective against other looser formations. We will argue that the Roman discovery of this dynamic warfare could be one of the primary reasons for universally adopting manipular legion as a tactical doctrine, regardless of an opponent’s tactics, troops’ composition, or battlefield terrain. These battlefield tactics were productive and provided a resource-efficient way to victory. We will reconstruct some of the tactics and actions of a Roman infantry battlefield engagement to show that during intermediate stages of a battle, the working of the legions served to determine weak spots in the enemy formation as points of more decisive strikes. What made it unbeatable on the battlefields across three continents, especially in pitched battles? What were the secret ingredients of the “manipular” formation that originated in the 4 th century B.C.? Why did Romans adopt a battlefield formation that was highly unorthodox and seemingly awkward at the time, and how did the Roman legion function? Operation and Maintenance: For this, the Ministry of Jal Shakti has asked states to come up with a plan and decide on a mix of user charges and government subsidies for the upkeep of the drinking water infrastructure.Roman system of warfare fascinated military observers and historians for over two millennia. So their focus is a lot on treatment and supply. – West Bengal is dealing with the problem of contamination. – Among these states, Rajasthan with 32% tap water coverage is relying heavily on groundwater presently, a strategy not considered sustainable. – But the bottom five states with coverage of less than 40% include Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh. These states will achieve the target by 2024. State-level problems: There are states like Ladakh, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Uttarakhand, Manipur, and Sikkim where the coverage is in the range of 50-75%. Rise in Metal prices: Many of the tenders for JJM had become economically unviable after the Russia-Ukraine war led to a rise in metal prices. ![]() What are the challenges faced by the Jal Jeevan Mission(JJM)? Source: Business Standard The budgetary allocation for Jal Jeevan Mission has been raised by 27% for the financial year 2023-24 (FY24) to ensure that there is no delay in the programme due to a paucity of funds. This would mean nearly doubling the current coverage of 57% under the scheme launched in 2019 to about 90% by 2024. Jal Jeevan Mission might not be able to achieve the target set for it of 100% tap water coverage for households by 2024, but the government is confident that it will come close. Source: The post is based on the article “Mega push for ‘Jal Jeevan Mission’ to reach the target within year” published in The Hindu on 22nd February 2023 What is the News?
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